Gianandrea Noseda is one of the world’s most sought-after conductors, equally recognized for his artistry in both the concert hall and opera house. He is Music Director of the National Symphony Orchestra, General Music Director of the Zurich Opera House, Principal Guest Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, and founding Music Director of the Tsinandali Festival and Pan-Caucasian Youth Orchestra.
Noseda’s leadership has inspired and reinvigorated the National Symphony Orchestra, which makes its home at the Kennedy Center. The renewed artistic recognition has led to invitations to leading international concert halls, digital streaming, and a record label distributed by LSO Live. Noseda’s discography numbers over 80, with many of them receiving critical acclaim.
Noseda has conducted the most important international orchestras, opera houses and festivals. The institutions where he has had significant roles include the Teatro Regio Torino (Music Director), BBC Philharmonic (Chief Conductor), Israel Philharmonic Orchestra (Principal Guest Conductor), Mariinsky Theatre (Principal Guest Conductor), Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI (Principal Guest Conductor), Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra (Victor de Sabata Chair), and Rotterdam Philharmonic (Principal Guest Conductor).
A native of Milan, Noseda is Commendatore al Merito della Repubblica Italiana, marking his contribution to the artistic life of Italy. He has also been honored with Musical America’s Conductor of the Year, International Opera Awards Conductor of the Year, OPER! AWARDS Best Conductor and is a recipient of the Puccini Award and the "Ambrogino d'Oro" by the city of Milan.
Known for his virtuosity and probing musicianship, violinist James Ehnes has since performed in over 35 countries on five continents, appearing regularly in the world's great concert halls and with many of the most celebrated orchestras and conductors. In the 2016-2017 season Ehnes continues his cross-Canada recital tour in celebration of his 40th birthday, performs the complete Bach Sonatas and Partitas in Stresa, Montreux, Los Angeles, Liverpool, and Amsterdam and joins the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra on a tour of China and the National Arts Centre Orchestra on a tour of Eastern Canada.
In 2021, Ehnes was announced as the recipient of the coveted Artist of the Year title in the 2021 Gramophone Awards which celebrated his recent contributions to the recording industry. This includes the launch of a new online recital series entitled ‘Recitals from Home’ which was released in June 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent closure of concert halls. Ehnes recorded the six Bach Sonatas and Partitas and six Sonatas of Ysaÿe from his home with state-of-the-art recording equipment and released six episodes over the period of two months. These recordings have been met with great critical acclaim by audiences worldwide and Ehnes was described by Le Devoir as being "at the absolute forefront of the streaming evolution".
As part of the Beethoven celebrations, Ehnes was invited to perform the complete cycle of Beethoven Sonatas at the Wigmore Hall in 2019/20. His third and final instalment of Beethoven Violin Sonatas recordings with Andrew Armstrong was released by Onyx in 2020 and was given a glowing review by Gramophone: “[Ehnes gave us] the flawless technique, the purity of his sound, and the extent to which everything always feels elegant and just right, with no attention-grabbing quirks or determined originalities… a huge spectrum of colour and articulation [is] employed”.
As a chamber musician, he has collaborated with leading artists such as Leif Ove Andsnes, Renaud Capuçon, Louis Lortie, Nikolai Lugansky, Yo-Yo Ma, Antoine Tamestit, Jan Vogler, Inon Barnatan and Yuja Wang. In 2010, he formally established the Ehnes Quartet, with whom he has performed in Europe at venues including the Wigmore Hall, Auditorium du Louvre in Paris and Théâtre du Jeu de Paume in Aix, amongst others. Ehnes is the Artistic Director of the Seattle Chamber Music Society.
Ehnes has an extensive discography and has won many awards for his recordings, including a Grammy Award (2019) for his live recording of Aaron Jay Kernis Violin Concerto with the Seattle Symphony and Ludovic Morlot, and a Gramophone Award for his live recording of the Elgar Concerto with the Philharmonia Orchestra and Andrew Davis. His recording of the Korngold, Barber and Walton violin concertos won a Grammy Award for ‘Best Instrumental Soloist Performance’ and a JUNO award for ‘Best Classical Album of the Year’. His recording of the Paganini Caprices earned him universal praise, with Diapason writing of the disc, “Ehnes confirms the predictions of Erick Friedman, eminent student of Heifetz: ‘there is only one like him born every hundred years’.” Recent releases include sonatas by Beethoven, Debussy, Elgar and Respighi, and concertos by Walton, Britten, Shostakovich, Prokofiev and Strauss, as well as the Beethoven Violin Concerto with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra and Andrew Manze, which was released in October 2017 on Onyx Classics.
Ehnes began violin studies at the age of five, became a protégé of the noted Canadian violinist Francis Chaplin aged nine, and made his orchestra debut with L’Orchestre symphonique de Montréal aged 13. He continued his studies with Sally Thomas at the Meadowmount School of Music and The Juilliard School, winning the Peter Mennin Prize for Outstanding Achievement and Leadership in Music upon his graduation in 1997. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and in 2010 was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada. Ehnes was awarded the 2017 Royal Philharmonic Society Award in the Instrumentalist category.
Ehnes plays the “Marsick” Stradivarius of 1715.
Meet the National Symphony Orchestra
Gianandrea Noseda, Music Director, The Roger Sant and Congresswoman Doris Matsui Chair
Steven Reineke, Principal Pops Conductor
First Violins
Nurit Bar-Josef, Concertmaster
Ying Fu, Associate Concertmaster, The Jeanne Weaver Ruesch Chair
Ricardo Cyncynates, Assistant Concertmaster
Jane Bowyer Stewart
Pavel Pekarsky***
Heather LeDoux Green
Joel Fuller
Lisa-Beth Lambert
Jing Qiao
Angelia Cho
Mae Lin**
Regino Madrid**
Second Violins
Marissa Regni, Principal
Dayna Hepler, Assistant Principal
Cynthia R. Finks
Deanna Lee Bien
Glenn Donnellan
Natasha Bogachek
Carole Tafoya Evans
Jae-Yeon Kim
Wanzhen Li
Hanna Lee
Benjamin Scott
Malorie Blake Shin
Marina Aikawa
Peiming Lin
Derek Powell
Violas
Daniel Foster, Principal, The Mrs. John Dimick Chair
Abigail Evans Kreuzer, Assistant Principal
Denise Wilkinson
Nancy Thomas
Jennifer Mondie
Tsuna Sakamoto
Ruth Wicker
Mahoko Eguchi
Rebecca Epperson
Chiara Dieguez**
Andrew Eng**
Cellos
David Hardy, Principal, The Hans Kindler Chair, The Strong Family and the Hattie M. Strong Foundation
Glenn Garlick, Assistant Principal
David Teie
James Lee
Rachel Young
Mark Evans
Eugena Chang Riley
Loewi Lin
Britton Riley
Basses
Robert Oppelt, Principal
Richard Barber, Assistant Principal
Jeffrey Weisner
Ira Gold
Paul DeNola
Charles Nilles
Alexander Jacobsen
Michael Marks
Harp
Adriana Horne, Principal
Flutes
Aaron Goldman, Principal
Leah Arsenault Barrick, Assistant Principal
Matthew Ross
Carole Bean, Piccolo
Oboes
Nicholas Stovall***, Principal, The Volunteer Council Chair
Jamie Roberts, Acting Principal
Harrison Linsey, Acting Assistant Principal
Kathryn Meany Wilson, English Horn
Clarinets
Lin Ma, Principal
Eugene Mondie, Assistant Principal
Paul Cigan
Peter Cain, Bass Clarinet
Bassoons
Sue Heineman, Principal
David Young, Assistant Principal
Steven Wilson
Sean Gordon, Contrabassoon
Horns
Abel Pereira, Principal, The National Trustees’ Chair
James Nickel, Acting Associate Principal
Markus Osterlund
Robert Rearden
Scott Fearing
Wei-Ping Chou**
Trumpets
William Gerlach, Principal, The Howard Mitchell Chair, The Strong Family and the Hattie M. Strong Foundation
Michael Harper, Assistant Principal
Quentin Erickson**
Tom Cupples
Trombones
Craig Mulcahy, Principal
Evan Williams, Assistant Principal
David Murray
Matthew Guilford, Bass Trombone
Tuba
Stephen Dumaine, Principal, The James V. Kimsey Chair
Timpani
Jauvon Gilliam, Principal, The Marion E. Glover Chair
Scott Christian, Assistant Principal
Percussion
Eric Shin, Principal, The Hechinger Foundation Chair
Erin Dowrey, Assistant Principal
Scott Christian
Joseph Connell*
Keyboard
Lambert Orkis, Principal
Lisa Emenheiser*
Organ
William Neil*
Librarians
Elizabeth Cusato Schnobrick, Principal
Zen Stokdyk, Associate
Karen Lee, Assistant
Personnel
Karyn Garvin, Director, Orchestra Personnel
Sufyan Naaman, Personnel and Auditions Coordinator**
Stage Managers
David Langrell, Manager
N. Christian Bottorff, Assistant Manager
The National Symphony Orchestra uses a system of revolving strings. In each string section, untitled members are listed in order of length of service.
* Regularly Engaged Extra Musician ** Temporary Position *** Leave of Absence
Program Notes
Notes (c) 2022 Tim Smith
Antonín Dvořák: The Wood Dove, Op. 110
Fred Mertz: “There’s only one thing to do, Rick. You’ll have to remarry.” Ricky Ricardo: “I guess you’re right. Of course, I’ll have to wait a respectable length of time.” Ethel Mertz: “How long would you wait?” “About 10 days.”
Ricky’s response sends the I Love Lucy studio audience into a hearty laugh and the sitcom’s titular character into a fury. Lucy, you see, has been hiding on a ledge outside the Ricardo’s apartment, hoping to make the others think she met a gruesome fate, but they know she’s out there and just want to — oh, never mind. That’s not the point. The point is that, even in the 1950s, when some old social norms had begun to fade, a quick remarriage was still considered unusual enough to be the stuff of jokes. So imagine the 1850s, when something like that would have raised more eyebrows than chuckles, would have been the source of serious scandal and recrimination — or much worse.
Which brings us to “The Wood Dove” (sometimes translated as “The Wild Dove”), a dark saga about a widow and her unfashionably fast romantic rebound. It’s one of a dozen Grimm-like fairy tales and legends told in verse by Czech writer and archivist Karel Jaromír Erben and gathered into a slender volume, A Bouquet of Folk Poetry, published in 1853. Among the collection’s admirers was Antonín Dvořák.
The composer turned one bloom from the Bouquet into a cantata in 1885 (The Specter’s Bride, about a young woman, a wicked ghost, and a wild night in a cemetery), then revisited the book years later and found himself particularly drawn to four poems. Each is spooky, if not downright gruesome: “The Water Goblin” ends with a baby’s decapitation, “The Noonday Witch” with another child’s awful death; “The Golden Spinning-Wheel” turns a Cinderella-ish tale into a slasher-gouger horror show; and “The Wood Dove” finds Edgar Allan Poe-tential in a slice of country life. Inspired by these four vivid stories, Dvořák created four equally vivid “symphonic poems” in 1896 that demonstrate a mastery of form and orchestral coloring.
The Wood Dove derives almost entirely from the first theme — just a few notes going up and back down — that emerges above a sober funeral march. The first three rising notes alone are enough for Dvořák to generate many a subsequent melodic idea. We know something is not quite right about the gloomy scene when the violins suddenly let out loud bursts of descending notes that sound like a combination of sobbing and laughing (if you’ll pardon another classic sitcom reference, just think of Mary Richards losing control at the wake for Chuckles the Clown in The Mary Tyler Moore Show). These startling utterances tell us all we need to know of the newly widowed woman in the funeral procession; she hopes her way-over-the-top grieving will keep everyone from guessing that she just poisoned her husband. She might have gotten away with her act if she had settled down to a nice long bereavement, but she doesn’t even get to the graveyard before catching sight of a dashing young man on horseback across the field (a perky trumpet solo signals his arrival). Although the funereal music resumes, you can tell that the widow no longer has her mind on the burial. Sure enough, the orchestra is soon awash in buoyant rhythms and folksong themes with the flavor of Dvořák’s Slavonic Dances, conveying that the now dry-eyed woman has wedded the horseman — a mere month later.
The music then slows to suggest the passing of time, a period long enough for a tree to grow above the grave of the woman’s first spouse, a tree that attracts a dove who sits on top day after day. An eerie twittering effect from flutes, oboe and harp portrays the bird’s persistent, edgy cooing, which chills the woman and eats at her conscience. To a burst of orchestral drama, with the three-note motive piercingly prominent, she drowns her guilt-ridden self. As her recovered body is carried by villagers, the funeral march that opened the score returns. But Dvořák lightens the mood at the very end with a change of key from C minor to C major and a gentler, ultimately redemptive reprise of the dove’s strangely potent song.
Carlos Simon: Tales – A folklore symphony
This piece explores African American folklore as well as Afrofuturists stories. This work is commissioned by the Sphinx Organization for its 25th Anniversary and the University of Michigan Symphony Orchestra.
“Where are all the black people in comics?” This is a question posed by the creative duo, Black Kirby (John Jennings and Stacey Robinson). Based heavily in Afrofuturism, Black Kirby’s characters show black people as heroes using ancient customs and futurist motifs from the African and African American diaspora. This piece is inspired by the many heroic characters found in the work of Black Kirby, but mainly Motherboxx Connection. (Black Kirby: In Search of the Motherboxx Connection)
According to scholar, Regina N. Bradley, Motherboxx Connection is “a pun on Jack Kirby’s motherbox, a living computer connected to the world, the Motherboxx too is a living computer with a heightened awareness of racial and sexual discourses surrounding the black body. The motherboxx is the technological equivalent of the “mother land” in the black diaspora imagination. She is where black identities merge and depart.”
To represent the power and intelligence of the motherboxx, I have composed a short fast moving musical idea that constantly weaves in and throughout the orchestra. A majestic, fanfare-like also provides the overall mood of strength and heroism. I imagine the motherboxx as an all-knowing entity that is aware of the multi-faceted aspects of blackness.
Once all Africans could fly, but lost their ability once they crossed the Atlantic Ocean as enslaved humans. This story tells how one African maintained the ability and secretly passed the gift to others. The Negro Spiritual, “Steal Away” is referenced in the woodwinds, as well as the the cello section while the upper strings hover effortlessly in the higher register.
Steal away, steal away, steal away to Jesus Steal away, steal away home I ain't got long to stay here
The Jewish biblical story of the Plagues of Egypt resonated with the enslaved and they created songs that related to this story of bondage. While the horrific plagues that swept across Egypt are compelling in and of itself, the focus of this piece is recounted from the perspective of the stubborn Pharaoh, who unwillingly loosens his grip on the enslaved people. Pharaoh's hardened heart is conveyed through two sharp, accented chords. The spirit of God, represented by light, heavenly, metallic sounds from the percussion, signal the beginning of each new plague. Frogs, pestilence, sickness and are not enough to break the Pharaoh's will. It is only with the “Angel of Death”, which takes the life of Pharaoh"s first-born child, represented by dark, brooding harmonies, that he relents in despair. The orchestral texture grows thinner and thinner as Pharaoh loathes in emotional anguish. The once prideful Pharaoh is now broken down to a powerless whimper. I use the Negro Spiritual, “Let My People Go (Go Down Moses)” as a musical framework throughout this movement.
Go down Moses Way down in Egypt land Tell ol’ Pharaoh to Let my people go! When Israel was in Egypt land Let my people go! Oppressed so hard they could not stand Let my people go!
The story of John Henry is traditionally told through the work song, each with wide-ranging and varying lyrics. The well- known narrative ballad of "John Henry" is essentially the battle between man versus machine. Enslaved/prisoners would would usually sing the story more slowly and deliberately, often with a pulsating beat suggestive of swinging the hammer.
These songs usually contain the lines "This old hammer killed John Henry / but it won't kill me." Writer Scott Nelson explains that:
“... workers managed their labor by setting a "stint," or pace, for it. Men who violated the stint were shunned ...
Here was a song that told you what happened to men who worked too fast: they died ugly deaths; their entrails fell on the ground. You sang the song slowly, you worked slowly, you guarded your life, or you died.”
Beethoven: Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61
If Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 5 hadn’t picked up the not-approved-by-the-composer nickname “Emperor,” his sole Violin Concerto might have acquired it. This score, composed in 1806, still reigns over other works for violin and orchestra, thanks to a noble beauty in form and content. But the work’s power is more patrician than imperial; even moments of drama are tempered by an elegant touch. Subtlety is the real source of this concerto’s supremacy.
The piece begins with neither violin nor orchestra, but, of all things, just a timpani, softly tapping out the note D five times. That would be cool enough, but, this being Beethoven, things get even cooler. Just as he used the famous four-note kick-off of his Fifth Symphony to fuel the first movement (the whole symphony, really), he employs the timpani’s five-note opening to unify the first movement of the Violin Concerto. That reiterated-note pattern pops up all over (sometimes only four notes instead of five, but still unmistakable), helping to provide melody, accompaniment, and rhythmic pulse.
After emphasizing the concerto’s home key of D major with those timpani notes and an elegantly undulating first theme that rises in the woodwinds at the moment the timpanist taps the fifth D, Beethoven introduces a little surprise. The first violin section responds to the woodwind’s sweet theme by playing four D-sharps, an out-of-left-field sound that would have perked up early 19th-century ears and still makes a piquant effect. A new theme, seeming like little more than a scale rising and falling, becomes more expansive and lyrical, with both light and dark shades of harmony (those D-sharps make a telling return here).
Once all these building blocks have been revealed by the orchestra, the patiently waiting solo violinist enters with a series of bold, ascending flurries, from the low end of the instrument’s range to the highest. This suggests that we’ll be in for a lot of look-at-me playing, the kind so often expected (and indulged) in concertos. But there’s really nothing showy about the violin’s role. The soloist often takes on the demeanor of a party guest who’s happy to join, but not necessarily dominate, the conversation. And with frequent moves into the upper register, the violin sometimes seems to hover above the orchestral action.
(Beethoven tailored this not-too-extravert solo part for the technique and stylistic temperament of eminent Viennese violinist Franz Clement, concertmaster and music director of the orchestra at the Theater an der Wien. Although Clement’s playing at the premiere won praise, the concerto itself didn’t set the world on fire. It wasn’t until 1844 in London, where no less than Felix Mendelssohn conducted a performance with a preteen Joseph Joachim as soloist, that the work’s greatness registered in a big way.)
The first movement, which lasts longer than some entire Mozart violin concertos, makes its way unhurriedly toward a pause for a cadenza. Beethoven didn’t write out any for this concerto, leaving it to the soloist (for his NSO appearances, James Ehnes will play the brilliantly inventive ones by Fritz Kreisler that have been widely popular since first published in the 1920s). But the composer did create a marvelous transition out of the cadenza — the violin gently recalls the lyrical, scale-like theme, with just pizzicato backing from the orchestra’s strings. After this dreamy mood gets further enhanced by bassoon and cello contributions, an emphatic push from soloist and ensemble ends the movement.
Beethoven then turns to one of his favorite forms, theme and variations. His theme is soft and stately, almost hymn-like, with a graceful, upward motion. The orchestra takes the spotlight for the first three variations, while the soloist plays second fiddle, so to speak, adding exquisite embellishments around the edges of the music. The violin then spins out improvisation-like filigree before intoning a serene, poignant melody that ushers in the fourth variation. A startling fortissimo from the orchestra signals that it’s time to wrap things up with a quick cadenza and charge right into the finale.
The main theme for this rondo has the jaunty air of a traditional hunting song, which keeps returning after assorted, contrasting episodes. Beethoven slips a surprise into one of those episodes — two soft, pizzicato notes for the violin, the only time the soloist uses that technique in the concerto. Amazing how charming a couple of unexpected plucks can be. After a cadenza, Beethoven continues to extract spirited mileage from the melodic material before taking everyone down to an unexpected pianissimo level. The soloist then spiritedly leads the way back up for a snappy, full-throttle finish.
Through the universal language of orchestral music, the National Symphony Orchestra performs exhilarating concerts meant to inspire, delight, and captivate audiences here in D.C. and around the world. With Gianandrea Noseda’s visionary leadership, dedications to the NSO, and passion for sharing music, we can raise the Orchestra’s artistic profile locally, nationally, and across the globe during his tenure as Music Director.
The Noseda Era Fund will ensure the success of Noseda’s priorities and will afford future generations of music lovers the opportunities to experience the best in symphonic music. The NSO extends its sincerest appreciation to the following Noseda Era Fund supporters for their extraordinary philanthropic commitments.
Noseda Era Supporters
AARP
Joan Bialek and Louis Levitt, MD
Brian and Sheila Boyle
Ms. Ashley Davis
Ms. Thelma Duggin
The Galena-Yorktown Foundation
Tom and Pamela Green
Dana A. Hearn and Kevin J. McCloskey
Daniel Heider
Mr. Frank F. Islam and Ms. Debbie Driesman
Janet and Jerry Kohlenberger
Cynthia Krus and George S. Corey
The Honorable Jan M. Lodal
Dr. Gary Mather† and Ms. Christina Co Mather
Kathe and Bill McDaniels
Patricia Bennett Sagon†
Michael and Deborah Salzberg
The Honorable† and Mrs.† Leonard L. Silverstein
The Leonard and Elaine Silverstein Family Foundation
Theresa Thompson
Staff
Staff for the Concert Hall
Director of ProductionKate Roberts
Master TechnicianZach Boutilier*
Master TechnicianMichael Buchman *
Head UsherCathy Crocker*
Treasurer, Box OfficeDeborah Glover*
Master TechnicianPaul Johannes*
Master TechnicianApril King*
Theater ManagerAllen V. McCallum Jr.*
Master TechnicianJohn Ottaviano*
Master TechnicianArielle Qorb*
*Represented by ATPAM, the Association of Theatrical Press Agents and Managers.
The box office at the Kennedy Center is represented by I.A.T.S.E, Local #868.
Steinway Piano Gallery is the exclusive area representative of Steinway & Sons and Boston pianos, the official pianos of the Kennedy Center.
The technicians at the Kennedy Center are represented by Local #22, Local #772, and Local #798 I.A.T.S.E., AFL-CIO-CLC, the professional union of theatrical technicians.
National Symphony Orchestra musicians are represented by the Metropolitan Washington, D.C. Federation of Musicians, AFM Local 161-710.
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